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DNA Repair, Glutathione and Immunocal
As listed in the PDR (Physicians’ Desk Reference)
IMMUNOCAL® PDR® 2008
NUTRACEUTICAL (Bonded cysteine supplement) glutathione precursor Powder Sachets
DESCRIPTION and CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
IMMUNOCAL® is a U.S. patented natural food protein concentrate in the FDA category of GRAS (generally recognized as safe) which assists the body in maintaining optimal concentrations of glutathione (GSH) by supplying the precursors required for intracellular glutathione synthesis.
It is clinically proven to raise glutathione values.
Glutathione is a tripeptide made intracellularly from its constituent amino acids L-glutamate, L-cysteine and glycine. The sulfhydryl (thiol) group (SH) of cysteine is responsible for the biological activity
of glutathione. Provision of this amino acid is the rate-limiting factor in glutathione synthesis by the cells since cysteine is relatively rare in foodstuffs.
Immunocal® is a bovine whey protein isolate specially prepared so as to provide a rich source of bioavailable cysteine. Immunocal® can thus be viewed as a cysteine delivery system.
The disulphide bond in cystine is pepsin and trypsin resistant but may be split by heat, low pH or mechanical stress releasing free cysteine.
When subject to heat or shearing forces (inherent in most extraction processes), the fragile disulfide bonds within the peptides are broken and the bioavailablility of cysteine is greatly diminished.
Glutathione is a tightly regulated intracellular constituent and is limited in its production by negative feedback inhibition of its own synthesis through the enzyme gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, thus greatly minimizing any possibility of overdosage.
Glutathione has multiple functions:
1. It is the major endogenous antioxidant produced by the cells, participating directly in the neutralization of free radicals and reactive oxygen compounds, as well as maintaining exogenous antioxidants such as vitamins C and E in their reduced (active) forms.
2. Through direct conjugation, it detoxifies many xenobiotics (foreign compounds) and carcinogens, both organic and inorganic.
Main Entry: con·ju·gase
Pronunciation: kän-j – g s, – g z
Function: noun
: any of a group of enzymes found in blood or in certain organs (as kidney and pancreas) and in some vegetables (as potatoes) that bring about the breakdown of conjugates of pteroylglutamic acid
3. It is essential for the immune system to exert its full potential, e.g. (1) modulating antigen presentation to lymphocytes, thereby influencing cytokine production and type of response (cellular or humoral) that develops, (2) enhancing proliferation of lymphocytes thereby increasing magnitude of response, (3) enhancing killing activity of cytotoxic T cells and NK cells, and (4) regulating apoptosis, thereby maintaining control of the immune response.
4. It plays a fundamental role in numerous metabolic and biochemical reactions such as DNA synthesis and repair, protein synthesis, prostaglandin synthesis, amino acid transport and enzyme activation. Thus, every system in the body can be affected by the state of the glutathione system, especially the immune system, the nervous system, the gastrointestinal system and the lungs.
Notation
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DNA Synthesis and Repair
DNA repair refers to a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome. In human cells, both normal metabolic activities and environmental factors such as UV light and Radiation can cause DNA damage, resulting in as many as 1 million individual molecular lesions per cell per day.[1] Many of these lesions cause structural damage to the DNA molecule and can alter or eliminate the cell’s ability to transcribe the gene that the affected DNA encodes. Other lesions induce potentially harmful mutations in the cell’s genome, which affect the survival of its daughter cells after it undergoes mitosis. Consequently, the DNA repair process is constantly active as it responds to damage in the DNA structure. The rate of DNA repair is dependent on many factors, including the cell type, the age of the cell, and the extracellular environment. A cell that has accumulated a large amount of DNA damage, or one that no longer effectively repairs damage incurred to its DNA, can enter one of three possible states:
The DNA repair ability of a cell is vital to the integrity of its genome and thus to its normal functioning and that of the organism. Many genes that were initially shown to influence lifespan have turned out to be involved in DNA damage repair and protection.[2] Failure to correct molecular lesions in cells that form gametes can introduce mutations into the genomes of the offspring and thus influence the rate of evolution.
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INDICATIONS AND USAGE
IMMUNOCAL® is a natural food supplement and as such is limited from stating medical claims per se. Statements have not been evaluated by the FDA. As such, this product is thus not intended to diagnose, cure, prevent or treat any disease.
Glutathione augmentation is a strategy developed to address states of glutathione deficiency, high oxidative stress, immune deficiency, and xenobiotic overload in which glutathione plays a part in the detoxification of the xenobiotic in question.
Glutathione deficiency states include, but are not limited to: HIV/AIDS, infectious hepatitis, certain types of cancers, cataracts, Alzheimer’s Disease, Parkinsons, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, radiation, poisoning by acetaminophen and related agents, malnutritive states, arduous physical stress, aging, and has been associated with sub-optimal immune response. Many clinical pathologies are associated with oxidative stress and are elaborated upon in numerous medical references.
Low glutathione is also strongly implicated in wasting and negative nitrogen balance, notably as seen in cancer, AIDS, sepsis, trauma, burns and even athletic overtraining. Cysteine supplementation can oppose this process and in AIDS, for example, result in improved survival rates.
CONTRAINDICATIONS
IMMUNOCAL® is contraindicated in individuals who develop or have known hypersensitivity to specific milk proteins.
PRECAUTIONS
Each sachet of IMMUNOCAL® contains nine grams of protein. Patients on a protein-restricted diet need to take this into account when calculating their daily protein load. Although a bovine milk derivative, IMMUNOCAL® contains less than 1% lactose and therefore is generally well tolerated by lactose-intolerant individuals.
WARNINGS
Patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy should discuss the use of this product with their health professional.
ADVERSE REACTIONS
Gastrointestinal bloating and cramps if not sufficiently rehydrated. Transient urticarial-like rash in rare individuals undergoing severe detoxification reaction. Rash abates when product intake stopped or reduced.
OVERDOSAGE
Overdosing on IMMUNOCAL® has not been reported.
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
For mild to moderate health challenges, 20 grams per day is recommended. Clinical trials in patients with AIDS, COPD, cancer and chronic fatigue syndrome have used 30-40 grams per day without ill effect. IMMUNOCAL® is best administered on an empty stomach or with a light meal. Concomitant intake of another high protein load may adversely affect absorption.
RECONSTITUTION
IMMUNOCAL® is a dehydrated powdered protein isolate. It must be appropriately rehydrated before use. Remains bioactive up to 12 hours after mixing. DO NOT heat or use a hot liquid to rehydrate the product. DO NOT use a high-speed blender for reconstitution. These methods will decrease the activity of the product. Proper mixing is imperative. Consult instructions included in packaging.
HOW SUPPLIED
10 grams of bovine milk protein isolate powder per sachet. 30 sachets per box.
STORAGE
Store in a cool dry environment. Refrigeration is not necessary. Patent no.’s: 5,230,902 – 5,290,571 – 5,456,924 – 5 ,451,412 – 5,888,552
REFERENCES
1. Baruchel S, Viau G, Olivier R. et al. Nutraceutical modulation of glutathione with a humanized native milk serum protein isolate, Immunocal®: application in AIDS and cancer. In: Oxidative Stress in Cancer, AIDS and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Ed.; Montagnier L,
Olivier R, Pasquier C. Marcel Dekker Inc. New York, 447-461, 1998
2. Bounous G, Kongshavn P. Influence of protein type in nutritionally adequate diets on the development of immunity. In Absorption and Utilization of Amino Acids Vol.II. Ed. M. Friedman. CRC Press, Inc., Fla. 2:219-32, 1989
3.Bounous G, Gold P. The biological activity of undenatured whey proteins: role of glutathione. Clin Invest Med 14:296-309, 1991
4.Bounous G, Baruchel S, Falutz J. Gold P. Whey proteins as a food supplement in HIV-seropositive individuals. Clin Invest Med. 16:3; 204-209, 1992
5.Bounous G. Whey protein concentrate (WPC) and glutathione modulation in cancer treatment. Anticancer Res. 20:4785-4792,2000
6.Bounous G. Immunoenhancing properties of undenatured milk serum protein isolate in HIV patients. Int. Dairy Fed: Whey: 293-305, 1998
7. Bray T, Taylor C. Enhancement of tissue glutathione for antioxidant and immune functions in malnutrition. Biochem. Pharmacol. 47:2113- 2123, 1994.
8. Droge W, Holm E. Role of cysteine and glutathione in HIV infection and other diseases associated with muscle wasting and immunological dysfunction. FASEB J: 11(13):1077-1089, 1997
9. Herzenberg LA, De Rosa SC, Dubs JG et al. Glutathione deficiency is associated with impaired survival in HIV disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci 94:1967-72,1997
10. Kennedy R, Konok G, Bounous G et al.. The use of a whey protein concentrate in the treatment of patients with metastatic carcinoma: A phase 1-II clinical study. Anticancer Res. 15:2643-50,1995
11. Lands LC, Grey VL, Smountas AA. Effect of supplementation with a cysteine donor on muscular performance. J. Appl. Physiol. 87:1381-1385, 1999
12. Locigno R, Castronovo V. Reduced glutathione system: Role in cancer development, prevention and treatment. International Journal of Oncology 19:221-236, 2001
13. Lomaestro B, Malone M. Glutathione in health and disease: pharmacotherapeutic issues. Ann Pharmacother 29: 1263-73,1995
14. Lothian B, Grey V, Kimoff RJ, Lands. Treatment of obstructive airway disease with a cysteine donor protein supplement: a case report. Chest 117:914-916, 2000
15. Meister A. Glutathione. Ann Rev Biochem 52:711-60,1983
16. Peterson JD, Herzenberg LA, Vasquez KK, Waltenbaugh C. Glutathione levels in antigen-presenting
cells modulate Th1 versus Th2 response patterns. Proc.Natl. Acad. Sci. 95:3071-3076, 1998
17. Watanabe A, Higachi K, Yasumura S. et al. Nutritional modulation of glutathione level and cellular immunity in chronic hepatitis B and C. Hepatology. 24:597A, 1996
18. Witschi A, Reddy S, Stofer B, Lauterberg B. The systemic availability of oral glutathione. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 43:667-669, 1992.
Click here to order or learn more about Immunocal.
PDR online – online version, free for US medical professionals only.
PDR Health – free consumer drug and medical information site.
Why should everyone be concerned about Glutathione?
What is Glutathione?
Simply put, our bodies produce Glutathione. It is in every cell. It empowers our body to fight against whatever is attacking it.
Glutathione is an:
Antioxidant – In fact, it is the bodies Master Antioxidant. Without Glutathione, the body could not use other antioxidants.
Immune Booster – Glutathione fortifies white blood cells; our body’s military defense system against toxins.
Detoxifyer – When toxins such as mercury, lead, carcinogens invade our bodies, Glutathione renders them liquid, they are
then excreted from the body out through the kidneys.
Those are the basics. Before reading much more perhaps you should listen to what Dr. Jimmy Gutman MD. says about Glutathione. The video will also introduce Immunocal which we will talk about later.
To view the 8 minute video just click here.
After you listen to the video, the rest of this information goes just a bit deeper.
Glutathione (GSH)
Optimal Health With the Master Antoxidant
Glutathione, the Master Antioxidant
But more importantly, glutathione is your body’s master antioxidant and one of the most important healing agents. The highest concentration of glutathione is found in the liver which is the principal organ involved in the detoxification and elimination of toxic materials.
Interestingly, glutathione also acts to reconstitute the antioxidant vitamins C and E after they have been oxidized, and therefore plays a determinant role in their function.
Glutathione, the "Superfood"
Glutathione is one of the 14 "Superfoods" listed in SuperFoods Rx : Fourteen Foods That Will Change Your Life, co-authored by Dr Steven Pratt, an authority on food and ageing.
The list is based on a exhaustive study of the scientific research behind the world’s best daily diets, and includes the 14 nutrients that show up consistently in the most health-promoting, disease preventing, anti-aging diets in the world.
Glutathione, the Life Extension Molecule
Low glutathione levels are found in immune compromised individuals, neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis, ALS, Alzheimers, and Parkinson’s disease, atherosclerosis, male infertility, pregnancy complications, cataracts, damage from many pharmaceutical drugs, cancer and poor survival rates for patients with AIDS.
High levels of glutathione appear to protect against the dangers of cancer, heart disease, premature aging, autoimmune diseases, and chronic illnesses.
What the Experts are saying about Glutathione.
"Glutathione is a substance, the levels of which in our cells are predictive of how long we will live. There are very few other factors which are as predictive of our life expectancy as is our level of cellular glutathione. Glutathione has been called the "master antioxidant", and regulates the actions of lesser antioxidants such as vitamin C, and vitamin E within the body. "We literally cannot survive without this antioxidant. "
What You Should Know about the Super Antioxidant Miracle.
Earl Mindell, R.Ph., Ph.D
"Without glutathione, other important antioxidants such as vitamins C and E cannot do their job adequately to protect your body against disease. "
Breakthrough in Cell Defense.
Allan Somersall, Ph.D., M.D., and Gustavo Bounous, M.D. FRCS(C)
"No other antioxidant is as important to overall health as glutathione. It is the regulator and regenerator of immune cells and the most valuable detoxifying agent in the human body.
Low levels are associated with hepatic dysfunction, immune dysfunction, cardiac disease, premature aging, and death."
The Immune System Cure
Lorna R. Vanderhaeghe & Patrick J.D. Bouic, Ph.D.
"If there is one survival tool every HIV(+) person should consider it is taking dietary supplements that increase glutathione production.”
Michael Mooney,
Author of Built to Survive:
A Comprehensive Guide to the Medical Use of Anabolic Steroids, Nutrition and Exercise for HIV (+) men and women.
“Glutathione may be one of the most important keys to longevity. Centenarians have been found to have higher levels of glutathione than would be expected for their age.
Boosting one’s glutathione levels …should be one of the first items on anyone’s anti-aging agenda.”
The Antioxidant Network, A brief review of "The Antioxidant Miracle
Ivy Greenwell
Lester Packer, PhD and Carol Colman
The Glutathione Antioxidant System
Mammalian cells have evolved numerous mechanisms to prevent or treat injurious events that can result from normal oxidative by-products of cellular metabolism (oxiradicals).
The "glutathione antioxidant system" is foremost among these internal protective systems. Glutathione participates directly in the destruction of reactive oxygen compounds (free radicals or oxiradicals) – the normal oxidative by-products of cellular metabolism.
Glutathione is also involved in the detoxification of foreign compounds such as carcinogens, etc., and supports the normal active functioning of the immune system. Glutathione reduces toxic substances before they can damage other molecules or important parts of the cell.
Glutathione is required to detoxify the nicotine and free-radicals contained in cigarette smoke – even second hand smoke. It is effective against the toxins contained in the exhaust fumes of motor vehicles and also against pesticides and other environmental toxins.
Glutathione plays a key role in the body’s defense against pollutants and ultraviolet radiation. Removal of heavy metals (mercury, lead, cadmium) from the body requires glutathione.
When these toxins combine with glutathione, they form a water soluble compound that can be excreted once and for all by the kidneys.
The highest concentration of glutathione is found in the liver which is the principal organ involved in the detoxification and elimination of toxic materials.
Glutathione also acts to reconstitute the antioxidant vitamins C and E after they have been oxidized, and plays an essential role in their function. That’s why it is known as the Master Antioxidant.
How Does Glutathione Boost The Immune System?
There are over a trillion immune system cells in the human body. These cells are the body’s soldiers for defending itself.
The strength of your cells and their ability to replicate are directly related to their ability to manufacture glutathione.
Imagine millions of tired and worn out soldiers as your immune system cells would be if they were low on glutathione. Not a very strong defense against enemies, such as viruses and bacteria, that might attack you.
Now imagine an army of the strongest, healthiest soldiers you can get. And imagine how strong a defense your immune system can put up if these soldiers never get tired, weak or sick. This is exactly what happens when your body has optimal levels of glutathione.
White blood cells (or immune system cells) are particularly sensitive to changes in glutathione levels, and even subtle changes may have profound effects on the immune response.
As an antioxidant, glutathione is essential for allowing white blood cells (or lymphocytes) to express their full potential, without being hampered by accumulation of oxyradicals (the harmful by-products of cellular metabolism) during the development of the immune response.
As glutathione levels drop, the person gets sicker. This is because white blood cells and the liver use GSH to detoxify poisons inside the body.
When the level decreases, less toxins are able to be eliminated leading to a build up in the body. This leads to increased white blood cell death (due to the cell poisoning itself) and liver impairment.
Glutathione (GSH) – Optimal Health With The Master Antioxidant
The first reaction is the rate-limiting step and is effectively inhibited by GSH feedback. This means the reaction is controlled by its own end-product and slows down once enough glutathione is synthesised.
When GSH is consumed or used up in the neutralisation of harmful oxyradicals, this feedback inhibition is lost. So now, the availability ofL-cysteine as a precursor determines how much glutathione is synthesised by the cell.
The amount of cysteine available can hence become the rate-limiting factor for the manufacture of glutathione.
If cysteine levels drop, the body will convert methionine, another amino acid, to cysteine, but then other systems run out of methionine, which is needed for making protein.
Where Does Our Body Get Its Glutathione From?
Your cell’s ability to make glutathione is determined by the supply of raw materials (or glutathione precursors), in particular of the amino acid cysteine.
Cysteine – as a free amino acid – is potentially toxic and is spontaneously catabolized or destroyed in the gastrointestinal tract and blood plasma. Hence it does not represent an ideal delivery system to the cell.
However, when it is present as a cysteine=cysteine dipeptide – called cystine – (two cysteine molecules linked by a disulfide bond) it is more stable than the free amino acid cysteine.
Cystine travels safely through the digestive tract and blood and is promptly broken up or reduced to the two cysteine molecules when it enters the cell.
Glutamate and Glycine are derived from your daily diet, however Cystine comes mostly from eggs, milk and cheese.
The best way to increase and maintain one’s GSH levels is to include animal foods in one’s diet as these contain the amino acids needed by the body to synthesize GSH. Foods rich in the sulfur amino acids (e.g., eggs) are especially good sources.
But in the cooking of eggs and processing of milk/cheese, the composition of Cystine is chalJged to Cysteine, while still a valuable protein it no longer functions as a food for glutathione. An excellent food supplement is un-denatured (non-heated) whey protein.
Un-denatured Whey Protein – The Best Way to Raise Glutathione Levels
As Dr. David L. Phillips, writes in Glutathione, A Protein Vital to Life, Part 2, "supplementing with oral glutathione won’t work. The glutathione in your cells needs to be made by your cells. Taking GSH orally, like a vitamin, is a waste of money. Your digestive system will break it down and little good will come of that effort.
GSH precursors, such as cysteine, methionine and glutamine will raise the GSH levels to a minor degree; however, all have side effects and are not well tolerated by most people.
Milk thistle, melatonin and lipoic acid can be helpful as well but the bio-response and degrees ofbioavailability can vary widely.
Whey proteins seem to be the best method of obtaining the building blocks of glutathione… breast-fed infants have high GSH levels and for the most part enjoy better health until about the age of 15 until their GSH level off to that of non- breast-fed infants. The whey content of raw milk contains several albuminous proteins that supply potent GSH precursors."
Whey protein has been called "the most immune-enhancing protein", as well as "the life extension protein" by doctors and scientists alike. Whey also has important value for those suffering from cachexia, or wasting syndrome, as its proteins are easily assimilated by the body.
Whey is loaded with nutrients and essential amino acids. Whey is comprised of four major protein fractions and six minor protein fractions. The major protein fractions in whey are beta-lactoglobulin, alpha-lactalbumin, bovine serum albumin and immunoglobulins.
Each of these components have important disease-fighting effects. In addition, whey protein is easily digestible and lactose-free.
How can you increase your level of glutathione?
By using Immunocal ®
HMS90
To learn more about Immunocal HMS 90 or to order go just click on the picture above.
http://www.immunotec.com/gcropps
Physician’s Desk Reference (2005) “Glutathione deficiency states include, but are not limited to: HIV/AIDS, chemical and infectious hepatitis, prostate and other cancers, cataracts, Alzheimer’s, Parkinsons, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, radiation poisoning, malnutritive states, arduous physical stress, aging, and has been associated with sub-optimal immune response…..Glutathione supplementation can oppose this process and in AIDS, for example, result in improved survival rates (Herzenberg et al, 1997).”
When I learned about the marvelous ability of our body to produce Glutathione I was so impressed I thought everyone should know about this and how Immunocal can increase Glutathione levels.
Immunotec Distributor: Own your own business…Take control of your future
People just like you and I join Immunotec every day. The benefits are numerous and varied. They range from financial, to lifestyle, to independence. As an Immunotec Distributor, you are eligible for discounts of 40% off the retail price and may immediately begin earning retail profits, commissions, overrides, bonuses and additional rebates of up to 20%. With Immunotec, you can develop a business of your own, you can work from anywhere, create your own schedule, and take control of your future.
Yes! I want to become a Distributor and get the 40% discount
Continue shopping at the 25% discount
Presented By:
Greg Cropps
National Distributor
Immunotec Research Ltd.
Message Center 760-557-7354
Call Greg Cropps 336-499-4489
Or visit www.immunotec.com/gcropps
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